![]() Hence, successful grouting relies heavily on good engineering judgement and experience, and not on a basic set of standard correlations or equations. In many cases, the method that proves successful reflects a small abnormality in the ground or structure rather than its overall characteristics. Once a desired effect is obtained, it is difficult to credit any one procedure with the success because the results are due to the summation of all the methods used. In most cases, it is a trial and error procedure where an inexpensive method is initially tried and then a more expensive one is used until the desired results are obtained. Grouting is very much an art and not a science. The breadth and depth of the study was assured by conducting the main part of the review, the collection and evaluation of information, without specifically considering the borehole sealing problem (but naturally incorporating any aspect of civil engineering applications that could be of potential use). A comprehensive description of grouting applications in civil engineering is presented that can serve as a basis for the selection of grouting methods in the borehole sealing problem.
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